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New Gloucester is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, in the United States. It is home to the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, the last active Shaker village in the U.S. The town's population was 5,542 at the 2010 census. New Gloucester is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. ==History== New Gloucester was established under a grant from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1736, the General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony granted a tract of land in the Maine Territory to sixty inhabitants of the Gloucester fishing village on Cape Ann. The first settlers followed the road newly bushed out from North Yarmouth and built cabins on Harris Hill between 1739 and 1742. The settlement was abandoned from 1744-1751 due to the heightened Indian attacks during King George's War. Settlers returned and in 1753 commenced work on a two-story, fifty-foot square blockhouse with a palisade stockade on a side. This was home to twelve families for six years. The men worked at clearing the surrounding of common land under the protection of two swivel guns manned by a garrison of six soldiers. One attack was made upon the fort, resulting in one scalping and two men captured. As the Indians gradually withdrew to Canada, the settlers moved out into their own newly built homes. The blockhouse continued to serve for worship and town affairs until the first meetinghouse was built in 1773. In 1788, the blockhouse was sold at auction for seven bushels of corn and moved to a farm in the intervale, where it was rebuilt as a hog house.〔 New Gloucester was incorporated on March 8, 1774,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= New Gloucester, Maine )〕 and was named after Gloucester, Massachusetts, the native home of a large share of the early settlers. New Gloucester became a half shire town with Portland, and the courts met here from 1791 until the organization of Oxford County in 1805, when they returned to Portland. With good soil for agriculture, the town developed as a prosperous farming community. In 1858, when the population was 1,848, other industries included six sawmills, two gristmills and two tanneries.〔(George J. Varney, "History of New Gloucester, Maine" (1886) )〕 Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village was founded in 1783 by the United Society of True Believers at what was then called Thompson's Pond Plantation. It was formally organized on April 19, 1794. Today, the village is the last of formerly nineteen religious societies, stretching from Maine to Florida, to be operated by the Shakers themselves. It comprises 18 buildings on of land.〔(Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village & Museum )〕 Image:Mayallrd.jpg|Mayall Road Image:Sabbathday Lake Shaker Community Meetinghouse, West of State Route 26, South of North Raymond Road, Northwest edge of church family area, Sabbathday Lake Village (Cumberland County, Maine).jpg|Shaker Meetinghouse, Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village Image:Town House, New Gloucester, ME.jpg|Town Hall c. 1915 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Gloucester, Maine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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